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--- qedmap:polaritons [2018/03/31 18:34] – created florian
+++ qedmap:polaritons [2018/04/16 14:56] (current) – [Effects] florian
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   * Polaritonic Chemistry
+    -  Pioneers of the field, good review (from experimentalis perspective):\\ Ebbesen, T. W. Hybrid light–matter states in a molecular and material science perspective. Acc. Chem. Res. 49, 2403–2412 (2016)
     - Theoretical Minimal model for polaritonic chemistry: \\ Galego, J., Garcia-Vidal, F. J. & Feist, J. Cavity-induced modifications of molecular structure in the strong-coupling regime. Phys. Rev. X 5, 041022 (2015)
-    - Pioneers of the field, good review (from experimentalis perspective):\\ Ebbesen, T. W. Hybrid light–matter states in a molecular and material science perspective. Acc. Chem. Res. 49, 2403–2412 (2016)
 ===== General Properties =====
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       * N-1 "dark states" (excitation from groundstate forbidden)
     * collective wave functions are strongly delocalized, P- emission is spatially coherent: "molecules that are micrometers apart emit in-phase!"
+    * dispersion: dependent on angle/direction (because light-matter coupling is!  $\rightarrow d\cdot E$)
+      * k=0 (normal incidence): matter and light contribute equally
+      * large k: P+ more photonic, while P- more matter-like
+    * Life times: can vary a lot, especially there are a lot of cases, where the lifetime of the Polariton is much longer than the lifetimes of the constituents (matter, photon)! (some sources can be found in [1])
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     * First experiment with such organic semiconductors: \\ D. G. Lidzey, D. D. C. Bradley, M. S. Skolnick, T. Virgili, S. Walker, and D. M. Whittaker, Strong Exciton-Photon Coupling in an Organic Semiconductor Microcavity, Nature (London) 395, 53 \\ use tetra-(2,6-t-butyl)phenol-porphyrin zinc (4TBPPZn) as the organic semiconductor, which has high oscillator strength and sufficiently small linewidth
     * organic materials have much more complicated electronic structure than conventional non-organic semiconductors (few level approximations are bad!)
-  * investigating polaritons from complex electronic systems and even taking chemical reactions into account
+  * investigating polaritons in complex electronic systems (and even taking chemical reactions into account)
     * BOA can break down because polariton introduces intermediate energy level in the large gap between electron and nucleus energies
-    * strong coupling due to collective coupling of many molecules to one mode (w_Rabi enhanced by sqrt(N)): only small fraction of the modes are coupled, rest is "dark", but still affected by the strong coupling [1]
+    * strong coupling due to collective coupling of many molecules to one mode ($w_{Rabi}$ enhanced by $\sqrt(N)$): only small fraction of the modes are coupled, rest is "dark", but still affected by the strong coupling [1]
     * Ultra strong coupling (USC): also ground state acquires photonic contribution:
       * (like super fluid to mott state?): I. Carusotto and C. Ciuti, Quantum Fluids of Light, RevModPhys 85, 299 (2013)
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     * has Berezinskii–Kosterlitz– Thouless (BKT) and BCS pahse
     * first experimental relaization (in orgaanic semiconductor cavity):\\ Plumhof, J. D.; Stöferle, T.; Mai, L.; Scherf, U.; Mahrt, R. F. Room-temperature Bose−Einstein Condensation of Cavity Exciton−Polaritons in a Polymer. Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 247−252
+  * Formation of Polaritons can change chemical reactions significantly
+    * Slow down of reaction in e.g. vibrational SC (light coupled to vibration mode) as the splitting changes the vibration frequency and thus the bond strength [2]
+    * change of character of reaction: from an associative to a dissociative transition state [2]
+  * Ultra-Strong Coupling (USC): also other eigenstates of the matter system are significantly perturbed
+    * delocalized nature of polaritons give them good transport properties, also dark-states play a role [2]\\ $\rightarrow$ Förster-type nonradiative transfer rate can be increased by a factor of 7 with an efficiency approaching unity
+  * Plasmon-Polaritons
+    * Theory (not read yet):\\ Y. Todorov and C. Sirtori, Intersubband polaritons in the electrical dipole gauge, Phys.Rev.B 85, 045304 (2012)
+    * Another USC situation: 2d QW of electrons (2 bands) coupled to a 0d-mode (plasmon polaritons)\\ Y. Todorov, A. M. Andrews, R. Colombelli, S. De Liberato,C. Ciuti, P. Klang, G. Strasser, and C. Sirtori, Ultrastrong Light-Matter Coupling Regime with Polariton Dots Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 196402 (2010)
+  * Application to light-harvesting complexes:\\ Coles, D. M. et al. Strong coupling between chlorosomes of photosynthetic bacteria and a confined optical cavity mode. Nat. Commun. 5, 5561 (2014)
+    * proof strong coupling between a "large biological system" (conglomerate of photoactive molecule BChl c that form a chlorosome in a very complicated way) to a cavity: despite a large scattering, polaritons form
+    * could be used to make photosynthetic process more efficient
+    * They imagine: "since the density of chlorosomes within the green sulfur bacteria is high, it may be possible to strongly couple a living bacteria to a cavity mode resulting in a ‘living polariton’"